nkhani

1. Kusungunuka ndi kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni m'thupi kumakwaniritsidwa kudzera mwa amino acid: monga gawo loyamba la michere mthupi, mapuloteni ali ndi gawo lodziwika bwino pakudya zakudya, koma sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji m'thupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenukira kukhala mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a amino acid.

2.Sewerani gawo la muyeso wa nayitrogeni: pamene mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku kuli koyenera, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumeza ndikofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni yotulutsidwa mu ndowe, mkodzo ndi khungu, zomwe zimatchedwa muyeso wonse wa nayitrogeni. M'malo mwake, ndiyomwe imakhalapo pakati pakuphatikizika kwakanthawi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi ma amino acid. Zakudya zamapuloteni zatsiku ndi tsiku za anthu abwinobwino ziyenera kusungidwa munthawi inayake. Chakudya chikangowonjezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena kuchepa, thupi limatha kuwongolera kagayidwe kake ka mapuloteni kuti asunge nayitrogeni. Kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ochulukirapo, kupyola kuthekera kwa thupi kuwongolera, njira zowonongera zidzawonongedwa. Ngati simudya puloteni konse, zomanga thupi m'thupi lanu zimathabe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kukupitilizabe kuchitika. Ngati simutenga njira zowakonzera munthawi yake, mankhwalawa amatha kufa.

3. Kutembenuka kukhala shuga kapena mafuta: a-keto acid yopangidwa ndi katabolism ya amino acid imapukusidwa panjira yamafuta a shuga kapena mafuta okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. a-keto acid amatha kupangidwanso kukhala ma amino acid atsopano, kapena kusandulika shuga kapena mafuta, kapena kulowa mu tri-carboxy cycle kuti iwonongeke ndikuwonongeka mu CO2 ndi H2O, ndikutulutsa mphamvu.

4.Tengani nawo gawo pakupanga michere, mahomoni, ndi mavitamini ena: mawonekedwe a michere ndi mapuloteni (amino acid molekyulu), monga amylase, pepsin, cholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase, transaminase, ndi zina. Mahomoni ndi mapuloteni kapena zotengera zake, monga kukula kwa mahomoni, timadzi ta chithokomiro, adrenaline, insulin, enterotropin ndi zina zotero. Mavitamini ena amasinthidwa kuchokera ku amino acid kapena kuphatikiza ndi mapuloteni. Mavitamini, mahomoni, ndi mavitamini amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndikuthandizira kagayidwe kake.